I-map, by Alena Burova

Also i compared photographers of that time, like Robert Frank, Lisette Model, Lee Friedlander and a Harry Winogrand. All of them are from the same time as Diane Arbus. I compared their achievements on that time and some of the images to see how Diane is different from them. I realised how much photographs by Diane Arbus are much stronger and useful for the future generation.

1. Adrianna Mena,( 2009) in blog, “A young Brooklyn family going for a Sunday outing, N.Y.C., 1966” ~ Diane Arbus” available in English [online] <http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5051872 >[Accessed 11 November 2009]

2. Austin, Hillary Mac.(2009) “Diane Arbus.” Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia.  Jewish Women’s Archive. [online]<http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/arbus-diane> [Accessed 11 November 2009]

3. Georgia Museum of Art (2005), “Diane Arbus: Family Albums” [online]<http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/5aa/5aa279.htm > [Accessed 11 November 2009]

4. Velikovskiy D., (2008) “1968: year of great crisis”, Available in Russian[ online]<http://www.expert.ru/printissues/russian_reporter/2008/16/god_velikogo_pereloma/>  [Accessed 11 November 2009]

5. Seybert  O.,(2009) “Lisette Model, biography” available in English [online] <http://cybermuse.gallery.ca/cybermuse/docs/bio_artistid3779_e.jsp >[Accessed 11 November 2009]

6. Molly Rogers, (2009) “Biography: Lisette Model”, [online]<http://www.answers.com/topic/lisette-model > [Accessed 11 November 2009].

7. Unknown, (2008), “Famous photographer of Urban Scenes Robert Frank” Available in English [Online]<http://www.urban-photography-art.com/robert-frank.html >[Accessed 11 November 2009].

8. Unknown, (2008), “The year  in pictures – Garry Winogrand”,   available in English [online]<http://pictureyear.blogspot.com/2008/09/garry-winogrand-part-1.html >[Accessed 11 November 2009].

Books:

1. Anthony W.,( 2003) Diana Arbus:family albums, pp xiii
2. Doon Arbus(2003) Diane Arbus: Revelations, Great Britain: Jonathan Cape, published by Jonathan Cape, Great Britain, pp8
3. Israel M.,(1995),”untitled”, written by Doon Arbus , published in Great Britain, London, no pages.
4. Museet M.,( 2005) Arbus, Model, Stromholm ,[pp132-133]
5. Pultz J., Family Albums, pp 1
6. Southall T.,W., Diane Arbus Magazine Work, pp 106

Garry Winogrand, Self-portrait.

Lee Friedlander, self-portrait.

Garry Winogrand had his first gallery shown in New York in 1959. He took part in two prestigious shows in the 60s at the Museum of Modern Art, it was  in New York. The first was Five Unrelated Photographers with Ken Heyman, George Krause, Jerome Lieblin and Minor White in 1963. In 1967 he participated in the New Documents show that connected  him with Diane Arbus and Lee Friedlander. Winogrand didn’t make a big impression until the 1967 show curated by John Szarkowski, who later became an editor and reviewer of his work. The books The Animals was made in 1969 and published in 1977, what later confirmed him as a master photographer. (Unknown,( 2008), “The year  in pictures – Garry Winogrand”).

Through this time, mainly in 1967th Diane Arbus get to known Garry Winogrand and Lee Friedlander in the new document show, what help them to be introduced. In a year later the photo of “Brooklyn Family” by Diane Arbus become published and famous.

Robert Frank Self Portrait

Robert Frank was born in Switzerland in 1924 in a Jewish family. When he started taking photographs and working in this area it  took him away from the family business, where he apprenticed himself to commercial photographers. (Unknown, (2008), “Famous photographer of Urban Scenes Robert Frank”).

During the  period of 1960′s Frank was working and making films and returned to photography during the early 1970′s. His work turned from cultural to private issues, partly because the tragic death of his daughter in a plane crash and other horrible family issues. (Unknown, (2008), “Famous photographer of Urban Scenes Robert Frank”.)

“Black and white are the colours of photography. To me, they symbolize the alternatives of hope and despair to which mankind is forever subjected. Most of my photographs are of people; they are seen simply, as through the eyes of the man in the street”.- said Robert Frank.(Unknown, (2008), “Famous photographer of Urban Scenes Robert Frank”)

Black and white photo of people on the street, by Robert Frank. He also liked taking photos of realism in Black and white of people, the same as Diane Arbus took photo of  “Brooklyn Family” and other people. I find his ideas similar to Diana’s, but actual photos, he has, are not magnetic enough. Diane Arbus alway had something specificity in her pictures. Actually Robert Frank from Diane’s Arbus time, but i see a big difference between their pictures.

people on the street by Robert Frank

“There is one thing the photograph must contain, the humanity of the moment. This kind of photography is realism. But realism is not enough, there has to be vision, and the two together can make a good photograph”. – said Robert Frank (Unknown, (2008), “Famous photographer of Urban Scenes Robert Frank”).

Lisette Model with Diane Arbus was probably the deepest of all those Model had with her students. They were doing study work together.  By 1957, the year Arbus appeared at the New School, Model had already developed a reputation in a both ways, like a soft, inspire teacher and a strict,serious tutor. Although both women looked for the dark realities of the world around them and worked on that sort of images. Model’s work had been described as s creative a visually active image. Arbus, on the other hand, produced photographs grounded in intense, realistic life. While Arbus did not look for close friendships with other women-photographers, she and Lisette shared their work together in exploring the extremes of humanity through the photograph. (Molly Rogers, (2009) “Biography: Lisette Model”).

In 1950, Model became a master teacher of photography at the New School for Social Research in New York City and remained there until 1983. She developed close friendships with many of those she mentored and taught. (Molly Rogers(2009) “Biography: Lisette Model”)

Lisette Model’s legacy goes further of her achievement as a photographer. From 1949 until her death in 1983rd she shared her love of photography with many students from around the world. Her straightforwardness in character and personal uncompromising to her art inspired many students, including Diane Arbus, Larry Fink, Rosalind Solomon, and Bruce Weber. About fifty years ago, one critic Elizabeth McCausland wrote about Model: ”Here is a woman who operates almost purely by intuition. It is as if, in the camera, she had substituted her own uncovered nerves and emotions for light-sensitive gelatin emulsion; as if experience had burned itself into her retina as indelibly as the photographic image is embedded in silver particles.” ( Seybert  O.,(2009) “Lisette Model, biography”) Lisette Model was incredible talented woman of that time, she was developing her photographs in a bit different way form Diane Arbus. But still she learned a lot from Diane’s creation.

In 1962, Diane Arbus decided  to changed her camera from a Leica to a Rolleiflex. The negatives were less grainy and gave her the clarity and clearness she wanted. The frame was squared of this new camera, what became later on a signature of her later work. In 1964, Diane started to use a Mamiya C33 camera along with her Rollei. Most of the time she used the Mamiya with a flash, which gave her exposed subjects  and vulnerable look that became another signature of her style. By 1970, Diane started to take photographs with a Pentax. (Austin, Hillary Mac.(2009) “Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia”)

During this period, Diane was getting work from magazines to take portraits of the famous and a few children’s fashion shoots. She also got two Guggenheim Fellowships, in 1963 and 1966, to obtain with her private work. Then she was carried on taking photos of “freaks” and eccentrics, she was moving into other areas of identity. Arbus started taking pictures of twins and triplets, of families and couples in Central Park, in the uptown and downtown art scenes and also nudist camps. (Austin, Hillary Mac.(2009) “Diane Arbus.” Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia).

When Diane started to take families photographs, couples, freaks she started to use in 1964 Mamiya C33 camera with flash. What made her photos bright and clear the moste. Also that camera was squared,what gave her pictures portrayed shape. By 1966 she was good experienced in term of families with her camera and took photo of “Brooklyn Family”.

In 1968 started to happen mysterious things. Researchers even today cannot explain why this year people in different parts of a planet have simultaneously run into a revolutionary passion. The discontent with existing order of things has captured the most different social strata and has accepted forms of student’s excitements, strikes of working, guerrilla wars, and national-liberation revolutions. The USA, the Western Europe, Soviet Union, China, other countries have faced a call to the most existence. People were confused from all over the world and behaved weird. Diane Arbus had a chance to impress it in her images. People tried to act as normal, but lots of things were out of control. (Velikovskiy D., (2008) “1968: year of great crisis”, Available in russian)

Imperious elite everywhere stayed in confusion. The world has been split anyway by “Cold war” and here still bases both socialist and the capitalist states suddenly have reeled. There is no saying that frightened the mighty of this world more strongly: A company sociopolitical movements, their ubiquity or energy of the protest. Main problem was in the no understanding of what is going on. The states got through it without global confusions. (Velikovskiy D., (2008) “1968: year of great crisis”, Available in russian)

Here is the reason why Diane took the photo of  “Brooklyn Family” in the time when they were all together, outing, may be they were in a hurry. Brooklyn Family were on the way to meet their parents. Diane catched the moment, in the morning with good proper light, so we can see their faces and all family’s emotions.